Dandruff

Causes and New Discoveries:

Dandruff is often the result of a disruption of the scalp’s microflora, particularly an overgrowth of Malassezia yeast, which naturally occurs on the skin. According to recent research, it is this imbalance between Malassezia and other microorganisms on the scalp that leads to irritation and flaking. Hormonal changes, stress, and environmental conditions (such as cold and humidity) can also contribute to the development of dandruff. National Eczema Association,   Dermatology Times

Dandruff comes in two main forms: dry and oily. In dry dandruff, dead skin cells flake off in small white flakes, while oily dandruff causes larger, stickier flakes that can cause discomfort. Learn about ways and products to support your scalp care in the fight against dandruff.

1. Thorough cleansing of the scalp:

Studies show that thorough scalp cleansing helps remove excess sebum and dead skin, which can encourage the growth of bacteria and fungi responsible for dandruff. Malassezia globosa, one of the main factors in dandruff, feeds on lipids present in sebum, which leads to the release of fatty acids that cause inflammation and flaking [Ashbee & Evans, 2002].

According to research from 2020-2024, fine-tuning the scalp microbiome and using cleansing products can significantly reduce the symptoms of dandruff. Cleansing the scalp, especially with products that contain antifungal ingredients, can effectively inhibit the growth of Malassezia and promote a healthy microbiome. MDPI,  Frontiers

1. Use anti-dandruff shampoos until you get rid of visible traces of dandruff. No.. that's not the end, anti-dandruff shampoo should stay in your hair care "bag". Why? Because even after getting rid of visible traces of dandruff, you are exposed to its return at any time, which is why trichologists recommend REMINDER WASHING every 3-4 weeks with an anti-dandruff shampoo despite invisible dandruff.
2. We divide shampoos into mildly cleansing and strongly cleansing (we will soon have a post on ingredients and definitions - follow us). We should wash the scalp 3 times a week with a gentle shampoo, and every 3-4 washes use a strongly cleansing shampoo.
3. Peeling - something essential! Read more..

Recommended anti-dandruff shampoos:

     Nizoral, anti-dandruff shampoo, 100ml

Effectively and quickly heals the scalp, combats itching and flaking of the epidermis. Affects the maintenance of the proper condition of the scalp.

     DX2 Anti-Dandruff + Anti-Hair Loss Shampoo, 150ml

Contains substances with proven anti-dandruff effects: Climbazole and piroctone olamine, which restore the balance of the scalp, eliminating visible signs of dandruff.

     RadicalMed Anti-Dandruff Shampoo with Active Complex, 300 ml

Effectively removes dandruff and prevents its recurrence. Soothes skin irritations, eliminates itching and redness.

               Tołpa dermo hair dandruff. Trichological anti-dandruff shampoo, 250 ml

Effectively cleanses the scalp and hair from dandruff, excess sebum, impurities and styling agents. Eliminates dandruff and restores balance to the scalp. Reduces sebum secretion and reduces itching.

2. Scalp peeling – removal of dead skin

The use of scalp peels is a method approved by trichologists that effectively helps to remove dead cells and residues of styling products, supporting microcirculation and nourishing the skin. Peeling the scalp unblocks hair follicles, which helps to reduce the recurrence of dandruff [Kohli et al., 2019].

Recommended product:

Eveline My Life My Hair Trichological Scalp Peeling, 125 ml
Eveline trichological peeling thoroughly cleanses and refreshes the scalp, helping to minimize the formation of dandruff scales.

     DERMENA Trichological peeling for all types of scalp, 125 ml

DERMENA trichological peeling effectively cleanses and refreshes the scalp and prepares it for further care. The formula of the preparation contains a patented active substance of vitamin origin (Regen7 molecule), which stops hair loss and stimulates the process of hair regrowth.

  Tołpa dermo hair - peeling 3 enzymes for the scalp CLEAN SCALP, 100 ml
Concentrates the exfoliating power of enzymes and acid for maximum cleansing of the scalp from impurities, styling agents and removal of dead skin. Unblocks the openings of hair follicles, allowing active ingredients to reach them.

 Crazy Hair by Hiskin, Trichological Peeling for the Scalp - Lime and Mint, 100ml
3% almond acid - in an invisible way dissolves dead skin, cleanses hair follicles and vitamin B3 regulates sebum secretion.

3. Moisturizing and nourishing the scalp:

The topic of scalp oiling is still quite controversial, trichologists are divided and it is worth simply checking it out "on your own skin". Remember that oils should not be applied directly to the scalp, because their thick consistency can block pores, which makes it difficult for the skin to breathe. Without dilution or proper application, oils can also increase sebum secretion, which promotes oily skin and hair. For oiling to be effective and safe, it is recommended to use oils mixed (you can do it yourself) with lighter ingredients or in small quantities, especially for skin prone to oiliness. Also, do not keep the oil on the scalp for longer than 30 minutes! Oiling 1-2 times a week is completely sufficient. Also, remember to wash the scalp thoroughly.

How to wash your scalp properly?

5. Drying your hair:

When dealing with dandruff, it is important not to leave your hair to dry on its own, as a moist environment encourages the growth of microorganisms such as Malassezia, which can worsen dandruff symptoms. Drying your hair, preferably with cool or lukewarm air, helps to reduce excess moisture, and thus create less favourable conditions for the growth of bacteria and fungi. In this way, we reduce the risk of the scalp becoming oily and inflammation.

The latest research confirms the positive impact of drying your hair on the health of your scalp, especially at the right temperature.   MDPI,  Frontiers

Summary:

Dandruff is a complex problem, and effective control requires regular and appropriate care. Choosing products with scientifically proven effects, such as the cosmetics recommended above, helps to take care of the health of the scalp and the beauty of the hair.